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技术分享 | app自动化测试（Android）-- 特殊控件 Toast 识别

发布: 2023年2月14日 10:17:50
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本文节选自霍格沃兹测试开发学社内部教材

Toast 是 Android 系统中的一种消息框类型，它属于一种轻量级的消息提示，常常以小弹框的形式出现，一般出现 1 到 2 秒会自动消失，可以出现在屏幕上中下任意位置。它不同于 Dialog，它没有焦点。Toast 的设计思想是尽可能的不引人注意，同时还向用户显示信息希望他们看到。

测试 APP 下载地址：

https://github.com/appium/sample-code/raw/master/sample-code/apps/ApiDemos/bin/ApiDemos-debug.apk 1

首先将上面地址的 apk 包下载到本地，并安装到模拟器中；在模拟器中打开 API Demos，依次点击“Views”-“Popup Menu”-“Make a Popup”-“Search”，就会弹出消息提示框，如图：

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上图中 “Clicked popup menu item Search” 就是 Toast，但它通常在页面上停留的时间只有 2 秒左右，通过 Appium Inspector 一般不容易获取到这个元素。

获取Toast

在模拟器中打开 API Demos 应用，依次点击 “Views”-“Popup Menu”-“Make a Popup”-“Search”，查看页面 Toast 元素。

示例代码如下：

# 设置 capabilitiesncaps = {}ncaps["platformName"] = "Android"ncaps["appPackage"] = "io.appium.android.apis"ncaps["appActivity"] = ".ApiDemos"n#必须使用uiautomator2框架ncaps["automationName"] = "uiautomator2"ncaps["deviceName"] = "hogwarts"n# 与Appium Server 建立连接ndriver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)n# 设置隐式等待ndriver.implicitly_wait(5)nn# 点击 Viewsndriver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("Views").click()n# 滑动页面nTouchAction(driver).press(380, 1150)n .move_to(380, 150).release().perform()n# 点击 `Popup Menu` 项目ndriver.find_element_by_xpath(n "//*[@content-desc='Popup Menu']").click()n# 点击 `Make a Popup`ndriver.find_element_by_xpath(n "//*[@content-desc='Make a Popup!']").click()n# 点击 'Search'ndriver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[contains(@text,'Search')]").click()ntoastXPath = "//*[@class='android.widget.Toast']"n#打印 toastXPathnprint(driver.find_element_by_xpath(toastXPath))n#打印 toastXPath 获取的 textnprint(driver.find_element_by_xpath(toastXPath).text)nn

@BeforeAllnpublic static void setUp() throws MalformedURLException {n DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();n desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android");n desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "io.appium.android.apis");n desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appActivity", ".ApiDemos");n desiredCapabilities.setCapability("automationName", "uiautomator2");n desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "hogwarts");nn URL remoteUrl = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");n driver = new AndroidDriver(remoteUrl, desiredCapabilities);n driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);n}nn@Testnpublic void toastTest() {n //点击 Viewsn driver.findElement(MobileBy.AccessibilityId("Views")).click();n //滑动页面n TouchAction action = new TouchAction(driver);n PointOption pressPointOne = PointOption.point(380, 1150);n PointOption movePointOne = PointOption.point(380, 150);n action.press(pressPointOne).moveTo(movePointOne).release();n //点击 `Popup Menu` 项目n driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@content-desc='Popup Menu']")).click();n //点击 `Make a Popup`n driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@content-desc='Make a Popup!']")).click();n //点击 'Search'n driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(@text,'Search')]")).click();n By toastXPath = By.xpath("//*[@class='android.widget.Toast']");n //打印 toastXPathn System.out.println(driver.findElement(toastXPath));n //打印 toastXPath 获取的 textn System.out.println(driver.findElement(toastXPath).getText());n}nn

这里定位 Toast 使用了 Xpath 表达式进行定位，因为 Toast 的 class 属性比较特殊，在当前页面上一般会出现一次 class=“android.widget.Toast” 的元素，所以使用 Xpath 定位方式搭配隐式等待就可以很轻松的可以定位到。

查看执行结果

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